SC/53/E8
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON IWC-SO
GLOBEC COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN THE
1
Marine and
Migratory Wildlife Ecology Group, School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin
University, GPO Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia 3280
2
Center for
Coastal Physical Oceanography, Crittenton Hall, Old Dominion University,
Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
3
Duke
Marine Lab.,
4
NOAA/National
Marine Fisheries Service, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point
Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
Abstract
The first three cruises in the ‘year round’ Southern
Ocean GLOBEC series for 2001-2002 were conducted from March – June 2001.
International Whaling Commission researchers participated in all three cruises
(Gould LMG 01-03
Note: all figures/maps are in colour and are
available from the Secretariat as reference copies. A full set of images can be
copied for individuals on request.
Introduction
The International Whaling Commission’s interest in
participating in international multidisciplinary research programs such as
CCAMLR and SO GLOBEC has been extensively documented in IWC Scientific
Committee reports, Resolutions of the Commission and papers (ie. SC/46/O18, SC/47/O20, SC/50/Info.14, SC/52/E22). At IWC 51
plans for collaboration on CCAMLR surveys in the
At IWC 52 preparations were made for participation in the 2001 – 2002 ‘year round’ series of SO GLOBEC survey and process cruises. A budget was developed to include purchase of essential equipment; participation by Thiele (IWC-SO GLOBEC steering group Chair) in planning meetings and relevant GLOBEC workshops; and to fund IWC participation in the initial cruises planned for March – June 2001. Due to urgent funding requirements for the POLLUTION 2000+ initiative, it was agreed at IWC 52 that funds for the IWC-SO GLOBEC collaboration would need to be limited to equipment purchases and planning activities, with participation to be delayed until after IWC53 unless funds could be acquired outside the IWC SC budget. Thiele secured funding from the Australian Government to support initial IWC participation in the first three SO GLOBEC cruises. Equipment for the collaboration approved in the IWC 52 budget was purchased by the IWC. Items of equipment not covered in the IWC 52 budget were lent from Thiele’s SOCEP program. Although the opportunity to biopsy appeared unlikely prior to the initial cruises, we determined that it would be prudent to be prepared, and two sets of crossbows with associated biopsy sampling gear were kindly contributed by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center in return for any skin samples obtained. This meant that participation by the IWC could begin in the first phase of the program, and the opportunities provided by the substantial research effort in the first half of 2001 would not be lost.
A range of national research programs had been identified, some tentatively, to contribute to studies during 2001 – 2002 in the SO GLOBEC study area. However, by far the greatest effort came from the US National Science Foundation funded cruises. This effort includes five cruises in 2001 in the austral autumn and winter, all of which will be repeated at exactly the same time in 2002.
The overall goal of the US SO GLOBEC effort in this study is to elucidate shelf circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and Antarctic krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including seals, penguins and whales (Hofmann et al 2000 – draft plan in SC/52/E22 Appendix 1). The central Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) continental shelf area is characterised by unusually high krill production. The US SO GLOBEC research program structure has been developed around a central hypothesis: that a unique combination of physical and biological factors contribute to enhanced krill growth, reproduction, recruitment and survivorship throughout the year in the central Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) continental shelf area; and that in particular this region provides physical conditions that are especially favourable to winter survival of larval and adult krill.
The presence of krill predators in the study region,
particularly in winter, is central to the main hypothesis of the research
program. Seal and penguin studies are a strong component of the process study
cruises in the
Berths for IWC visual surveys were provided on the mooring
cruise (L M Gould) and both survey
cruises (NB Palmer) by the passive
acoustic team led by John Hildebrand. The IWC team and this team have worked
collaboratively throughout the
Other national programs (ie.
Here we:
1. Provide summaries from
individual cruises on research conducted;
2. Make recommendations for IWC
participation and involvement in the SO GLOBEC analysis process.
1. Summaries from individual cruises
The SO GLOBEC study by the
Figure 1. Survey and process study area SO GLOBEC Marguerite Bay WAP.
RV Laurence M Gould 18 March – 13
April
The L M Gould
departed
Figure 2. LMG01-3 cruise track
Methods – visual survey, biopsy and photo identification
Visual survey for cetaceans was conducted on LMG 01-03 during daylight hours on all days when weather conditions allowed. Searching was conducted by the IWC observer (D Thiele) and Sue Moore with assistance from the rest of the acoustic mooring team. Sightings were recorded on a laptop based Wincruz[1] Antarctic program which also logged gps position, ship course and speed automatically. Seals, seabird concentrations, ice concentration, sea surface temperature, marine debris, sonobuoy deployments, depth and other events were also recorded on the program. Survey effort generally commenced at first light from the outside bridge wings and/or inside the bridge (weather dependent) and ceased at dark. All times noted here, and in cruise records refer to UTC/GMT not local time.
Results – visual survey, biopsy and photo identification
Visual surveys alone were conducted from 19 March to 2 April
during the oceanographic and acoustic mooring components of the cruise. Many
humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
were observed during the afternoon transit across the
In
Methods and sonobuoy recordings - passive acoustics
The long-term nature of seafloor recorder deployments allows for a statistically significant number of acoustic encounters, even with a widely dispersed whale population, assuming whales call roughly ten to fifty percent of the time. The recordings will likely also include sounds from minke, right, fin and humpback whales. Mysticete whales will be detected via reception of their calls on passive, bottom-mounted acoustic recorders. Detection of whale calls via moored passive acoustic recorders has proven quite effective during recent studies, especially for blue and fin whales. New technology, that of long-term deployments of autonomous low power recorders makes an acoustic survey of mysticete whales in remote locations practical. Deep water is desirable partly because the ambient noise, which largely is produced at the surface, is reduced at depth and also because acoustic travel paths will interact less with the seafloor which absorbs acoustic energy. The long-term nature of seafloor recorder deployments allows for a statistically significant number of acoustic encounters even with a widely dispersed whale population, assuming whales call roughly ten to fifty percent of the time.
Given the great uncertainty in the numbers of blue whales in the Southern Ocean, and in the subspecies to which they belong, we believe the minimum census estimates which can be provided by acoustic monitoring is a key goal of the proposed project. Application of the techniques of point transect theory to the results of the survey where each acoustic contact is assigned a range should allow a minimum census estimate, the primary factor which will remain to be answered from other combined visual and acoustic data being the percent of whales calling during a time constant. The second fundamental goal of this work will be minimum population estimates and seasonal occurrence profiles for fin whales and humpback whales. Other species such as minke whales and sperm whales may be detected, but are expected to be so infrequent as to make population density estimates unreliable. Perhaps the most important overall result of this work will be to establish an acoustic detection baseline from which to measure future changes in relative abundance of Southern Ocean mysticete whales.
We deployed eight seafloor acoustic recorders (Figure 3.), each with a hydrophone that is floated about 5 m above the seafloor. These instruments will record continuously at 500 samples per second for fifteen months, writing the data to 36 Gb of computer hard drive in each instrument. The recorders have a 16 bit dynamic range and are powered by lithium double D size batteries, which are placed inside high tensile aluminum pressure cases. The seafloor recorders use a system of drop weights, Benthos glass balls and an acoustic release for recovery. Throughout the cruise we deployed and recorded 36 directional sonobuoys and two broadband sonobuoys both randomly and when whales were sighted, as a means to record and thereby `groundtruth’ mysticete whale calls in this remote region. Recordings were obtained from humpback, minke and fin whales during the cruise. No blue or right whales were sighted or heard during this cruise.
Figure 3. Locations of the moorings and drifters deployed on LMG01-3 (SIO
moorings are passive acoustic recorders).
Figure 4.a LM Gould 01-03 Mooring cruise - all
cetacean sightings
Figure 4b L M Gould 01-03 minke and humpback sightings
General
This cruise was primarily an oceanographic and passive
acoustic mooring cruise. A series of oceanographic and passive acoustic
moorings were deployed on the shelf region off the
Polarstern
AntXVIII5b 14 April –
The Polarstern
departed on cruise AntXVIII5b on
Figure 5. Polarstern AntVIII5b cruise track and sampling stations
Most research work on the Polarstern has occurred in the
Weather conditions on this cruise were not conducive to
visual surveys, and few whales were sighted from the vessel. Most sightings
were made on the helicopter surveys (which were conducted in good weather only)
and on the one sunny day within the ice to the south of
Figure 6. Polarstern AntVIII5b cruise track and inset of Figure 8&9 with all cetacean sightings. Species codes: 7=humpback – yellow circle; 13&59=Lagenorhynchus sp. – green diamond; 4,91&92=minke – black star; 9,64,65,67=unidentified whale – yellow triangle
Hourglass dolphins (
Figure 7. Polarstern AntVIII5b in ice cetacean sightings – In ice helicopter
surveys and ship based visual survey 25 &
On 27 April the vessel left the ice and headed for the
GLOBEC study site to resume line transect survey and sampling. The IWC observer
was provided with helicopter time to conduct two further whale flights whilst
in the vicinity of
The areas of concentration of both minke and humpback whales coincide with those recorded on the N B Palmer cruise.
Figure 8. Polarstern
AntVIII5b cetacean sightings – Adelaide Island/Rothera helicopter survey 1 May 2001 . Yellow
circle=humpback, black start=minke. Bold red line = ship cruise track. Fine red
lines = helicopter survey tracks.
Nathaniel B.
Palmer 01-03 24 April – 6 June
The N B Palmer departed Punta Arenas on 24 April directly to the SO GLOBEC study area in order to commence the survey cruise at the same time as the L M Gould (LMG 01-04) conducted process studies in that area (Figure 1 a and b). The NB Palmer commenced survey at the northern end of the line transect series shown in Figure 1.).
Methods – visual survey, photo identification and biopsy
During this cruise, observations were made from the ice tower or the bridge level by a single observer (AF). When conditions permitted, the observer was outside along the cat-walk of the ice tower, otherwise, observations were made from inside. Effort was focused 45° to port and starboard of the bow ahead of the vessel, while also scanning to cover the full 180° ahead of the vessel. °. In ice the method was adjusted to include searching in behind the vessel track as well, in order that cetaceans and seals hidden by ice would be detected more readily. The observer used a combination of eye and binocular (7x50 Fujinon) searching. Effort would commence when the following conditions allowed: appropriate daylight, winds less than 20 knots or Beaufort Sea State less than or equal to 5, visibility greater than 1 mile (measured in the distance a minke whale blow could be seen with the naked eye as judged by the observer) and the ship actually steaming. Sightings were recorded on a laptop based Wincruz Antarctic program which also logged gps position, course, ship speed, and a suit of other environmental and sighting conditions automatically. Visual observations were made both during the station-transect portion of the trip, as well during transit. When possible, photographic and/or video documentation was made of each sighting for later use in individual identification, species confirmation, and habitat description. A second component to the IWC work is biopsy sampling from small boats. On the occasion that weather conditions, daylight, timing, and whales were present, biopsy sampling was attempted from Zodiacs. Samples were obtained with a Barnett Wildcat Crossbow equipped with custom made floating bolts, and screw-on hollow point biopsy plugs.
Results – visual survey
Generally, sighting conditions during the cruise were poor. However, nearly 80 hours (79:33) of sighting effort were made during the entire cruise. Of this time, 45:30 was made during the survey grid. In Antarctic waters (south of 60°S), 43 cetacean sightings of 67 animals were made (Figure 9).
Figure 9. NBP 01-03 Cetacean Survey Effort Lines and
Sightings in Antarctica (below 60°S)
These include 19 sightings of 30 humpback whales, Megapatera novaeangliae, 22 sightings of 33 minke whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, 1 sighting of 3 ‘like’ humpback whales, and 1 sighting of 1 unidentified whale (Table 1). More specifically, within the study area as defined by the survey grid, 18 sightings of 27 humpback whales (Figure 10.), 19 sightings of 30 minke whales (Figure 11.), 1 sighting of 3 ‘like’ humpback whales, and 1 sighting of 1 unidentified whale were made (Table 1.).
Figure10. NBP 01-03 Cetacean Survey Effort and Humpback Whale Sightings
Results – sonobuoy, photo identification and biopsy
On the evening of 24 May, sonobuoys recorded
several humpback whales relatively close to the ship (C. Berchock pers. comm.),
and whales were seen in the ship’s lights as the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer
traveled north along the west coast of Alexander Island. At first light the ship was approximately 2
miles north of where the whales were seen.
Ship’s time was dedicated to biopsy sampling for the day in the area
where the whales were seen the previous day.
At 0930 whales were sighted in an area with bands of brash ice several
miles off the coast. Weather conditions
were optimal for surveying and small boat work.
In the area of the ship (68.75S, 71.35W) were 3 pairs of humpback whales
and one single humpback whale, one group of 2 minke whales and one group of 3
minke whales. The whales appeared to be
tracing back and forth, perpendicular to the coast in a 2-3 mile area. Photo-ID pictures were taken of each of the whales
in the area, except 2 minkes and one humpback that were not approached. Video footage of the approach, biopsy shot
and behaviour were taken. Biopsy samples
were obtained from 3 humpback whales and 1 minke whale. Only one sample was taken from each group of
animals approached. Skin samples were
taken from all 4 whales, while blubber samples were taken from 2 of the
humpbacks and the minke whale (Table 2).
General
A primary research objective of the cetacean studies within
SO GLOBEC is to determine the winter distribution and foraging ecology of
baleen whales in relation to the characteristics of the environment and the
distribution of their prey. Sightings data from this cruise recorded only
humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and
minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
whales present in the study region in the austral fall and winter, suggesting
that both over-winter around Marguerite Bay.
Correlation of cetacean distributions with concurrent hydrographic
distributions (Figures 9., 10., 11., 12.) show whales associated with: 1) the
southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 2) the frontal boundary
between intrusions of warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water and continental shelf
water, and 3) the frontal boundary between inner shelf coastal current
(Antarctic Coastal Current) and continental shelf waters (E. Hofmann pers.
Comm., Figure 13.). Cetacean sightings
were particularly numerous along the frontal boundary formed as the coastal
current exits the southern end of
Figure 11. NBP 01-03 Cetacean Survey Effort and minke whale sightings
Preliminary results
from NB Palmer 01-03 on adult krill distribution and migration in Antarctic
autumn with implications for baleen whale winter strategies and feeding ecology
One of the major objectives of all krill related studies in
the Southern Ocean has involved the determination of over wintering strategies
for this species which at present are unknown. In 1986 Kawaguchi et al. suggested that krill were
benthopelagic animals which probably migrated to the sea floor during autumn
and winter. However, they had no quantitative data to support this hypothesis.
Siegel and Kalinowski (1994) speculated on a seasonal migration of krill across
shelf areas, with this autumn/winter migration possible related to the food
gradient across the shelf (ie. that benthic food sources may be the key to
overwinter survival). Later, Gutt and Siegel (1994) reported benthopelagic
krill aggregations at the shelf edge in the southeastern
was then followed up by observations by Gutt and Siegel (1994).
During the N B Palmer
survey cruise (and on Polarstern line
transects) predominantly larval krill were found on the outer shelf and oceanic
regions of the study area. Adult krill were for the most part only observed in
near-shore shoal areas with widely varying (complex) topography (refer to Fig
28.US SO GLOBEC Technical Report #2, Wiebe et
al. 2001). Basically the adult krill were observed aggregated in holes
among the peaks in a complex sea floor. These areas of krill concentration
occurred off the northern portion of
2. Recommendations for IWC participation and involvement in the SO GLOBEC analysis process
The initial plans for a complete year round study of the
As a result, only the US SO GLOBEC cruises will take place
in the latter half of 2001 and from March through September in 2002. This
effort comprised five cruises in 2001 in the austral autumn and winter, all of
which will be repeated at exactly the same time in 2002. The
We highly recommend that the Scientific Committee approve the continuation of IWC participation in these cruises, and that a budget be developed to cover participation of observers on cruises; the trial incorporation of VHF tagging on the autumn and winter 2002 cruises; the continuation of participation in all planning and analysis milestones in the SO GLOBEC process; and funds for modelling and other data analysis as outlined in the attached timetable (Appendix A). We highly recommend that the Scientific Committee approve the continuation of IWC participation in these cruises, and that a budget be developed to cover participation of observers on cruises; the trial incorporation of VHF tagging on the autumn and winter 2002 cruises; the continuation of participation in all planning and analysis milestones in the SO GLOBEC process; and funds for modelling and other data analysis as outlined in the attached timetable (Appendix A).
A comprehensive review of the current status of knowledge on
biological and physical features and processes in the study area (
Acknowledgements
We are extremely grateful to Captain Warren Sanamo; his crew; Skip, Jenny, Jonnette and Andy from the Raytheon marine support team; and the oceanographic science team from the L M Gould, all of whom were responsible in some way for providing us with five days of ship time and the opportunity to conduct biopsy and photo identification from zodiacs throughout that period. We also thank them for their enthusiasm and happy, professional attitude. All of the above applies equally to the Captain, crew, marine support and science teams on the N B Palmer, who provided similar opportunities and support on the major survey cruise. Thanks also to Mark Christmas, National Geographic Society for providing video footage of whale biopsy approaches on the NB Palmer. We are extremely grateful to Eileen Hofmann, who has driven much of the effort to have the IWC included in the SO GLOBEC effort; and to John Hildebrand who included the IWC in the berth allocations for his program, long before our participation could be assured. Thanks must also go to the Captain and crew of the Polarstern, the cruise leader – Uli Bathmann, the Alfred-Wegener Insititute, and to Jan van Franeker and Martin Doble for sharing their helicopter time with the IWC, sharing data and helping with mapping.
References
Franklin, J. F., Bledsoe, C. S., Callahan, J. T. 1990. Contributions of the Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Bioscience 40 (7): 509 – 523.
Gutt, J. ,
Siegel, V. 1994. Benthopelagic aggregations of krill on the deeper shelf of the
Haskell, A. G. E., Hofmann, E. E., Klinck, J. M., Lascara, C. M. 2001. Lagrangian modeling studies of the spatial dynamics of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Submitted to Journal of Marine Research April 2001.
Hofmann, E. E., Klinck, J. M.,
Lascara, C. M., Smith, D. A. 1996. Water mass distribution
and circulation west of the
Hofmann, E. E., Lascara, C. M. 2000. Modeling the growth dynamics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194: 219 – 231.
Hofmann, E. E., Reilly, S. 2000. An invitation for the IWC to participate in Southern Ocean GLOBEC. SC/52/E22. Unpublished paper submitted to IWC SC 52.
Limeburner, D. et al. 2001. RV Laurence M Gould Cruise 0103 to the Western Peninsula of Antarctica US SO GLOBEC Report available on web site.
Pankow, H.,
Kock, K-H. 2000. Results of a sighting survey in the
Prezelin, B. B., Hofmann, E. E.,
Mengelt, C., Klinck, J. M. 2000. The linkage between Upper
Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and phytoplankton assemblages on the west
Reilly, S., Hedley, S., Hewitt,
R., Leaper, R., Thiele, D., Pitman, R. L., Naganobu, M., Watkins, J.,
Siegel, V., Kalinowski, J. 1994 in Southern Ocean Ecology: The Biomass Perspective. El-Sayed, S. Z. (ed.)
Thiele,
D., Gill, P. C. 1999. Cetacean observations during a winter voyage into
Antarctic sea ice south of
Thiele, D.,
Wiebe, P. et al. 2001. RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer Cruise 0103 to the Western Peninsula of Antarctica US SO GLOBEC Report available on web site.
Reports:
LMGould 01-03 1stcruise (mooring cruise) - US Southern Ocean GLOBEC Report No.1
NBPalmer 01-03 1stcruise (survey cruise)- US Southern Ocean GLOBEC Report No.2
LMGould 01-04 2ndcruise
(process cruise) - US Southern Ocean GLOBEC Report No.3
Web site for IWC cetacean
summaries by cruise, cruise reports, and technical
http://www1.npm.ac.uk/globec/
this site provides a direct link to the CCPO site by clicking on SO GLOBEC
Table 1. Total cetacean sightings and number of animals in Antarctic waters
(south of 60°S) for 2001 SO GLOBEC
cruises LMG 01-03 18 March – 13 April 2001, Polarstern AntXVIII5b 14 April – 7 May 2001, and NBP 01-03 24 April – 6 June
|
Species – scientific name |
Species code |
Total sightings:animals LMG 01-03 |
Total sightings:animals Polarstern AntXVIII5b |
Total sightings:animals NBP 01-03 |
Species – common
name
|
|
Balaenoptera physalus |
2 |
1:3 |
|
|
Fin whale |
|
Balaenoptera acutorostrata bonaerensis |
4 |
9:91 |
|
|
Minke (ordinary – dark
shoulder) |
|
Like Balaenoptera acutorostrata |
92 |
|
27:30 |
|
Like minke |
|
Lagenorhynchus cruciger |
13 |
1:4 |
|
|
Hourglass dolphin |
|
Unidentified cetacean |
16 |
1:1 |
|
|
Unidentified cetacean |
|
Undientified large baleen whale |
64 |
|
|
|
Unidentified large baleen
whale |
|
Unidentified large whale |
67 |
3:5 |
1:1 |
|
Unidentified large whale |
|
Orcinus orca |
10 |
|
|
|
Killer whale |
|
Ziphiidae |
11 |
2:5 |
|
|
Ziphiid |
|
Like Megaptera novaeangliae |
71 |
|
|
1:3 |
Like humpback whale |
|
Megaptera novaeangliae |
7 |
38:81 |
|
|
Humpback whale |
|
Megaptera novaeangliae – and like Balaenoptera
physalus (mixed group) |
7 and 91 |
|
|
|
Humpback whale and like fin
whale (mixed group) |
|
Undetermined Balaenoptera acutorostrata |
91 |
|
|
|
Undetermined minke whale |
|
Like Balaenoptera physalus |
66 |
1:3 |
1:2 |
|
Like fin whale |
|
Unidentified small baleen whale |
65 |
|
1:1 |
|
Unidentified small baleen
whale |
|
Unidentified whale |
9 |
4:4 |
|
1:1 |
Unidentified whale |
|
Total |
|
88:316 |
59:106 |
43:67 |
Total |
Table 2. Cetacean biopsy samples LMG 01-03 and NBP 01-03 cruises
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
25 May 2001 |
25 May 2001 |
25 May 2001 |
25 May 2001 |
|
Latitude (S) |
66 02.15 |
66 40.41 |
66 41.38 |
67 42.90 |
65 34.44 |
68.75 |
68.75 |
68.75 |
68.75 |
|
Longitude (W) |
65 46.27 |
67 24.53 |
67 26.27 |
68 09.19 |
64 54.99 |
71.35 |
71.35 |
71.35 |
71.35 |
|
Unique Id (WS#) |
LMG 01-03#51 |
LMG 01-03#57 |
LMG 01-03#60 |
LMG 01-03#73 A + B |
LMG 01-03#85 A + B |
NBP 01-03#34 |
NBP 01-03#35 |
NBP 01-03#37 |
NBP 01-03#36 |
|
Species |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Group size |
2 |
7 |
50 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
No. animals
sampled |
1 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
photo id |
Y |
Y of group |
Y of group |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Species 1 = minke dark shoulder form
Species 2 = humpback
APPENDIX A
-
SO-GLOBEC/IWC COLLABORATION
2001 - 2003
CRUISE, MEETING AND PAPER TIMETABLE
Last updated 11October 2001
Light grey denotes completed tasks
|
DATE |
COUNTRY |
VESSEL/MEETING NAME |
|
Funding source |
|
2001 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 - 10 January |
|
SOGlobec Planning Meeting,
All US SO-Globec and |
1 (DT) |
|
|
18/3 - 13/4 |
|
Gould - mooring deployment/passive
acoustics Hildebrand team to be part
of cetacean survey |
1 (DT) |
|
|
19/4 |
|
Joint Palmer-Gould cruise
planning meeting Conference room RV Palmer |
DT |
|
|
14/4 - 7/5 |
|
Polarstern - Globec survey |
1 (DT) |
|
|
20/4 to 6/6 |
|
Gould – process cruise |
0 |
|
|
23/4 - 6/6 |
|
Palmer - Globec survey
cruise |
1 (AF) |
|
|
July |
|
Annual Preliminary report on
cruises conducted so far |
DT |
|
|
9-10/7 |
|
Globec science steering
committee meeting NSF |
Hofmann
|
|
|
21/7 - 1/9 |
|
Palmer - Globec survey
cruise |
(2) AF RP |
|
|
21/7 - 1/9 |
|
Gould - Globec process
studies predator/prey group cruise |
0 |
|
|
October |
|
Input to Costa for GLOBEC
presentation |
|
|
|
28 Nov - 3 Dec |
|
|
AF |
|
|
Sept - Jan |
|
Review
template – oceanography, krill, whales, sea ice etc |
DT and others |
|
|
July - Dec |
na |
Cetacean model development |
EH/JK |
|
|
Nov |
|
Abstracts due for
presentations at Dec plannng meeting and Ocean Science Meeting |
|
|
|
Dec-Feb |
|
Sea Ice biology meeting SO
GLOBEC and Mini investigator workshop – krill and whales - Model refinement |
EH, JK, AF, DT etc |
|
|
Dec 10-12 |
|
Series of presentations at
Planning meeting for 2002 cruises |
DT/AF |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
Date ? |
|
IWC Fisheries interactions
workshop presentations |
? |
|
|
2002 |
na |
Paper on 2001 cruises to
J.C.Res.M |
all |
|
|
January |
|
Ocean Science Meeting Includes many Globec
sessions for planning for 2002 season |
DT/AF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date to be determined |
? |
IWC whale research methods
workshop |
? |
|
|
March - June |
|
Journal article Ecological
Applications submitted |
|
|
|
March |
|
Gould - mooring
recovery/deployment passive acoustics |
1
(DT) |
|
|
Apr - 6 June |
|
Gould - Globec process
cruise - predator prey group headed by Costa |
0 |
|
|
Apr - 6 June |
Palmer |
Palmer - survey cruise |
2 (AF/DG) |
|
|
April |
Shiminoseki-Japan |
IWC 54 Report on cruises and progress (DT/SM) (SO GLOBEC mini symposium
to be held at IWC55) |
DT |
|
|
Jul - Sept |
|
Gould - Globec process
cruise - predator prey group headed by Costa |
0 |
|
|
Jul - Sept |
|
Palmer - survey cruise |
1 AF |
|
|
October |
|
|
DT/AF |
|
|
October |
|
Tentative SCAR workshop on
sea ice (includes predators) |
DT/AF ? |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jan - Feb 2003 |
|
BAS - James Clark Ross Large scale frontal cruise |
2 IWC visual plus 2 IWC
acoustics |
|
|
April/June |
|
|
DT/AF |
|
|
April-July? |
? |
IWC 55 SO GLOBEC mini symposium |
DT/AF |
|
|
Sept/Oct |
International |
2nd GLOBEC Open
Science Meeting targeting Southern Ocean programs |
DT/AF |
|