REFERENCES

Aagard, K., and E.C. Carmack. 1994. The Arctic Ocean and climate: a perspective. In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophysical Monograph 85. American Geophysical Union.

Aagard, K., and E.C. Carmack. 1989. The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94:14485-14498.

Alfred Wegener Institute. 1997. Sea Ice--An Antarctic Habitat. http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Eistour/index-e.html.

Antarctic Adventure. 1997. Sea Ice, Antarctic Adventure (Tasmania). http://www.antarctic.com.au/encyclopaedia/physical/SeaIce.html.

Cavalieri, D.J., P. Gloersen, and W.J. Campbell. 1984. Determination of sea ice parameters with the Nimbus-7 SMMR. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89:5355-5369.

Hibler. W.D. 1989. Arctic ice-ocean dynamics. In The Arctic Seas. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.

Kidsat Explorations. 1997. Sea Ice. Jet Propulsion Laboratory and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://kidsat.jpl.nasa.gov/kidsat/exploration/explorations/ice/main.htm.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Microworlds: Exploring the Structure of Materials WWW Site: www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html.

Parkinson, C.L. 1996. Sea Ice in the Polar Regions. CD-Rom. CIESIN.

Parkinson, C.L. 1997. Earth From Above: Using Color-Coded Satellite Images To Examine the Global Environment. University Science Books, Sausalito, CA.

Parkinson, C.L. 1998. Sea Ice, Oceans: Lecture Series (Goddard Space Flight Center), University Space Research Assoc.-National Aeronautics and Space Administration. June 8-12.

Parkinson, C.L., and P. Gloersen. 1993. Global sea ice coverage. In Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change. Cambridge University Press, pp. 371-384.

Stewart, R.H. 1985. Methods of Satellite Oceanography. University of California Press, Los Angeles.

INTERNET RESOURCES FOR SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND AND SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL

National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder
http://www-nsidc.colorado.edu/

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

• National Ice Center, multiagency operational center in Suitland, MD
  http://www.natice.noaa.gov/
• National Climatic Data Center
  http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/

Canadian Ice Service, Ottawa, Canada
http://www.cis.ec.gc.ca/

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

• Oceans and Ice Branch, Goddard Space Flight Center
  http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/oceansandice
• The MODIS Snow/Ice Global Mapping Project, Goddard Space Flight Center
  http://snowmelt.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS_Snow/modis.html