REFERENCES

Gurney, R. J., J. L. Foster, and C. L. Parkinson. Atlas of Satellite Observations Related to Global Change. Cambridge University Press, 1993, 470 pp.

Odum, Eugene P. Fundamentals of Ecology, Third Edition. W. B. Saunders Company, 1971, 574 pp.

Smith, David G., Ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences. Crown Publishers Inc., Cambridge University Press, 1981, 496 pp.

Strahler, A. A., and A. H. Strahler. Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley & Sons, 1978.

Vitousek, P. M., P. R. Ehrlich, A. H. Ehrlich, and P. A. Matson. Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. Bioscience Vo. 36 No. 6, 1986, pp. 368-374.

Source Material for Figures and Tables

Figure 3.01: Trophic pyramids for a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida.

Drawn by Thomas C. Hart, concept and data from Forman, R.T.T. and M. Godron. Landscape Ecology, p. 70, Figure 2.18. 1986. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Figure 3.02: A subregional or catchment view of hydrologic cycling.

Drawn by Thomas C. Hart, concept from Dunne, T. and L. Leopold. Water in Environmental Planning, p. 5, Figure 1-1. 1978. W.H. Freeman, New York.

Figure 3.03: Global carbon flow between atmosphere, vegetation, and soil.

Drawn by Thomas C. Hart, concept and data from Post, W.M. Organic carbon in soil and the global carbon cycle. In The Global Carbon Cycle (ed. M. Heimann), p. 278, Figure 1. 1993. NATO ASI Series, Vol 115, Springer-Verlag Berlin.

Figure 3.04: Pools of nitrogen in a Wyoming lodgepole pine ecosystem.

Drawn by Thomas C. Hart, concept and data from Sprent, J.I. The Ecology of the Nitrogen Cycle, p. 82, Figure 4.5. 1987. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.

Table 1: Carbon storage and production in global terrestrial vegetation complexes.

Compiled by Thomas C. Hart, from Olson, J.S., J.A. Watts, and L.J. Allison. Carbon in Live Vegetation of Major World Ecosystems. U.S. Dept of Energy Report NBB-0037, pp. 20-39, Table 2 and Figure 4. 1983. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN.

Table 2: Twenty elements necessary for plant growth.

Raven, P.H., R.F. Evert, and H. Curtis. 1981. The Biology of Plants, 3rd Edition. Worth Publishers, Inc., New York. Table 27-2.

Suggested Reading

Dickinson, R. E. and A. Henderson-Sellers (1988), Modelling tropical deforestation: A study of GCM land-surface parameterizations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 114: 439-462.

Fearnside, P. M. (1997), Greenhouse gases from deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: net committed emissions, Climatic Change 35 (3): 321.

Gates, L. (1985), The use of general circulation models in the analysis of the ecosystem impacts of climate change, Climate Change 7: 267-284.

Grace, J., J. Lloyd, J. McIntyre, A. C. Miranda, P. Meir, H. S. Miranda, C. Nobre, J. Moncrieff, J. Massheder, Y. Malhi, I. Wright and J. Gash (1995), Carbon dioxide uptake by an undisturbed tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia, 1992 to 1993, Science 270: 778-780.

Graham, R. L., M. G. Turner and V. H. Dale (1990), How increasing CO2 and climate change affect forests, BioScience 40 (8): 575-587.

Haberi, H. (1997), Human appropriation of net primary production as an environmental indicator: implications for sustainable development, Ambio 26 (3): 143-146.

Hall, F. G., K. F. Huemmrich, S. J. Goetz, P. J. Sellers and J. E. Nickeson (1992), Satellite remote sensing of surface energy balance: Successes, failures and issues in FIFE, Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (D17): 19061-19089.

Holben, B. N. S. A. S. I. (1996), Effect of dry-season biomass burning on Amazon basin aerosol concentrations and optical properties, 1992-1994, Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (14): 19465-19482.

Mooney, H. A., P. M. Vitousek and P. A. Matson (1987), Exchange of materials between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, Science 238: 926-932.

Prentice, K. C. and I. Y. Fung (1990), The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to climate change, Nature 346: 48-51.

Shukla, J., C. Nobre, and P. Sellers (1990), Amazon deforestation and climate change, Science 247: 1322-1325.

Tucker, C. J., I. Y. Fung, C. D. Keeling and R. H. Gammon (1986), Relationship between atmospheric CO2 variations and a satellite-derived vegetation index, Nature 319: 195-199.

Turner, D. P., J. K. Winjum and M. A. Cairns (1997), Accounting for biological and anthropogenic factors in national land-base carbon budgets, Ambio 26 (4): 220-226.

URLs

Ecosystem and the biosphere:

http://capita.wustl.edu/CAPITA/CapitaReports/Metaphors/unbook.html

Population, energy use, and the ecology of agriculture:

http://dieoff.org/page69.htm

Habitat fragmentation:

http://www.traverse.com/nonprof/center/synapse35/lacross.html

The EPA global warming site:

http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/

NASA/MTPE - Education Programs:

http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/mtpe/education.html

The Earth System Science Module Project:

http://www.usra.edu/esse/essmp/essmp.html

Earth System Science Curriculum Pages:

http://sdcd.gsfc.nasa.gov/ESD/earth.html

ESSC "EARTHCAST":

http://www.metolab3.umd.edu/~owen/EARTHCAST/

Links to Global Change Programs / Data Sources:

http://www.gcdis.usgcrp.gov/cgi-bin/gcdis-query-ssi2?international

More Links to Global Change Programs / Data Sources:

http://www.geog.umd.edu/landcover/sohlberg/remote-sensing.html

Global Change Science:

http://www.puc.ohio.gov/gcc/science.html

Global Warming and Climate Change - Table of Contents:

http://www.gcrio.org/gwcc/toc.html

Global Analysis, Interpretation, & Modelling (GAIM):

http://gaim.unh.edu/

NSF Environmental and Global Change:

http://www.nsf.gov:80/stratare/egch/start.htm

US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) Home Page:

http://www.usgcrp.gov/